Mussolini was born in 1883 and it began to take a militant socialist, after the First World War, becoming the thesis of the extreme right and create the Italian Fascist Party (1921), carrying an authoritarian ideology and anti-parliamentary. His speech, which prevailed in the praise of violence as a form of privileged and decisive action in politics, had concrete expression in the activity of its own militia (the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, incidentally giving rise to the name of the party - means fasci beam, the beam having been a symbol of the power of the Roman consuls). It is indeed following a policy of aggression and the scope of the principles and methods to reach the parliamentary power after the March on Rome (1922) that leads the king to entrust him to form government.
Directs the country during a difficult time coping with Parliament, but soon assume full powers in 1922 and proclaimed the dictatorship three years later. The regime that deploys from now and strengthens is one-party dictatorship, backed by strong militias themselves, where the parliamentary power is replaced by a Fascist Council with advisory powers only, the unions are dominated by a corporate regime and the political parties are prohibited. Its popularity, granjeada through a populist and demagogic speech and the imposition of order on the streets, give him some stability, despite economic and social difficulties that the country is experiencing.
In foreign policy, after a campaign of conquest against Abyssinia, in which attempts to reconstruct an African empire, aligned with Hitler's Germany and Imperial Japan, despite knowing that Italy is not in a position to support new conflict, finds himself dragged , as a junior partner to the World War (the second of the twentieth century) that pops into 1939 and will bring fire and sword over Europe, Africa and Asia, ending with the defeat. When it approaches, fully allied counter-offensive, the military launched a coup that deposed Mussolini, who is imprisoned and released some time later by German paratroopers. While the military put Italy to the side of the Allies and the Germans occupy a large extent of the Italian peninsula, tries to keep Mussolini in northern Italy a Social Republic (Republic of Salò, the name of the place where he settled), which stand some time artificially, according to the requirements of the war policy of Germany. Mussolini could not have just any herd eventually be forced to try to escape in desperate conditions, before the advance of the Allies and the resistance movements. Resistant Italy will be precisely that in May 1945, shortly before the suicide of his ally Adolf Hitler, will capture and summarily shot, his body came to be publicly exposed and be the target of popular anger.
The english version of this article will be available soon. In the meanwhile, the text above was the result of a Google translation from portuguese version to english.
